среда, 21 мая 2014 г.

Is Testosterone Replacement Therapy Safe?



by TC T-Nation

Here's what you need to know...

•  A dubious study recently appeared that links testosterone replacement therapy to heart attacks, and now the class action lawyers are getting involved.

•  Digging deeper, we see that the researchers didn't consider testosterone levels before or after the study. Neither did they consider post-therapy red blood cell counts or estrogen levels. What's more, the control group appears to have been compromised.

•  T replacement may actually help with certain heart-related issues and has a plethora of other health benefits.

The ridiculous repercussions continue. Back in January, a gas-bloated study surfaced from the research bog. It reported an increased risk of heart attacks in testosterone users in the first 90 days of therapy. The media went nuts and I got a lot of worried emails from panicked testosterone users clutching their chests for fear of a no-doubt already failing heart.

I didn't speak out publicly against the report because horse**** studies that draw attention to themselves by seemingly refuting numerous other studies come out all the time and they only see the light of day because they're catnip to faux news agencies looking for ratings. Most of the time, the studies fade from notice or memory because these news agencies invariably turn their attention to the latest celebrity that killed a lover, made a racial slur, toilet papered a neighbor's house, or slipped a nip on stage.

But now the lawyers have gotten involved and I can't watch a ballgame without seeing ads fishing for poor bastards who might have suffered a stroke or even death from using testosterone replacement therapy and who might want to join in a class action suit. (Can dead people sue? How's that work?) Man, I've got three close friends who are lawyers, but if I found out any of them were involved in something like this, I'd lobby to have them banished to the island of Litigia, a remote island inhabited by litigious soles whose national pastime is suing each other for having slipped on the banana peels that cover the roads, sidewalks, and driveways and whose laws prohibit lawyers from doing anything other than pro bono, or in this case, pro banana, work. It'd serve them right.

A Closer Look at the Study
Let's drag this study onto the examination table and take a surgical saw to its chest and poke around its guts a little. What the researchers did was scour a large healthcare database for guys who'd been on testosterone therapy for 90 days. They found that younger guys with a history of heart disease who started T therapy had a two to three-fold increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Further, they found that guys over 65 who started TRT had a two-fold increase in cardiovascular disease regardless of their cardiovascular history. As I'd expect, they didn't find any increased risk in younger men without a history of heart disease. Too bad most of the media reports ignored the particulars and left you with the impression that testosterone therapy was universally equivalent, heart-health wise, to taking the two-inch wide pieces of fat and gristle you cut off the $1.99 steak you bought at Chuck's Heart Attack Café and having them surgically packed into your left ventricle.

But let's momentarily forget about which age group had more problems and let's autopsy this study a little more. The first NCIS moments come when you see that the study didn't bother to look at or consider testosterone levels before or after the study. Neither did they consider post-therapy red blood cell counts or estrogen levels. Ack!

How do you assess proper dosages if you haven't measured before or after T levels? Test replacement therapy isn't a one-size-fits-all scenario. No doctor would prescribe chemotherapy drugs without assessing the effects and side effects so that necessary dosage adjustments could be made. Hell, a physician wouldn't even prescribe a fiber supplement without checking to see if the effects were too little, just right, or producing stools the size and consistency of bales of hay that you place in stacks outside your apartment but look wildly out of place because you don't have a barn.

If you prescribe too much testosterone, you run the chance of a higher-than-desirable red blood cell count, which in itself could lead to heart attack or stroke. If your RBC is too high, you need to, at the very least, donate some blood and get a cookie. Alternately, you can adjust the dosage of testosterone. Of course, they didn't measure red blood cell counts anyhow so it's a moot point, but their basic testosterone 101 negligence didn't stop there. As mentioned, they didn't account for estrogen levels, either. Since some patients have higher levels of aromatase, they convert a proportionately greater amount of testosterone to estrogen, which in itself has been associated with increased rates of heart attack and stroke. As with red blood cells, high levels of estrogen can be countered, either by administering anti-aromatase drugs or supplements or by reducing the dosage of testosterone.

Testosterone
The biggest flaw in the study, though, or at least the most ridiculous one, had to do with the control group chosen by the researchers. They figured that higher levels of T led to more sex, and more sex, at least in old farts, can lead to heart attacks. So the researchers looked for another group that might be having more sex and in a remarkable display of one-dimensional thinking, they chose men who take PDE5 inhibitors, a class of drugs that's used to treat erectile dysfunction. Viagra and the other commonly known boner pills fall into this group of drugs.

On the surface, it makes sense to compare two groups of sex-minded men, both of who are now presumably having more sex because of pharmaceutical intervention. Fair enough, and when they compared the two groups they found that the testosterone users were either twice as likely or three times as likely to have heart attacks or strokes as the PDE5 users. The trouble is, PDE5 drugs relax blood vessels and some have even been approved for the treatment of hypertension. You see what I'm getting at? The guys on the boner pills were in effect taking a heart med to reduce cardiac events! How can you possibly use them as a control group? Ack again!

So was the increased risk of heart attack a result of "deadly" testosterone, or was it because of a failure of basic diligence -- a failure to assess before and after levels of T, a failure of prescribing physicians to do routine blood tests so that potential problems could be addressed or, most fundamentally, a failure to determine if the patients were even suitable candidates for testosterone replacement? Or was it a case of choosing a control group that was actually taking a heart-attack thwarting cardiovascular drug that ended up skewing and screwing the results?

It was all those things. Even if this study didn't have all these horrible shortcomings and showed the same results, you'd still have to consider it an outlier. A month before this ridiculous study appeared in the journal Plos One, another study appeared in the Journal of the American Heart Association that looked at 100 testosterone studies and found that low testosterone, contrary to what the Plos One study said, was associated with higher rates of mortality in general, along with higher rates of cardiovascular mortality, obesity, and diabetes. Additionally, the severity of the disease correlated with the degree of testosterone deficiency.

The Real Effects of TRT
According to the meta-analysis study in the heart association journal, T therapy relaxes coronary arteries and improves the ability of heart failure patients to do exercise. It improves insulin resistance, reduces the A1c level in diabetics (an indicator of the severity of the disease), and even lowers BMI in obese patients. Oh yeah, it also improves muscle mass and increases the zest for life and makes it more fun to look at naked pictures. But let's say for the sake of argument that testosterone actually did cause heart problems in certain age groups. Let me quote famed testosterone researchers Eberhard Nieshlage and Hermann Behre:

If testosterone in physiological doses should cause "side" effects these would indeed be the normal biological effects. The risks inherent to testosterone, be it of endogenous or exogenous origin, would then appear to be the tribute men have to pay for being men.

Source: http://www.t-nation.com/training/tes...safe-or-deadly

вторник, 20 мая 2014 г.

THE TOP 5 BEST STEROIDS FOR RAW POWER BY THE ANABOLIC DOC, THOMAS O'CONNOR, MD

The Top 5 Best Steroids for Raw Power
I read your four-part interview in Powerlifting USA magazine and was totally amazed. All I can say is that it was awesome! What, in your opinion, are the top 5 steroids for power and strength?
Thanks for the kind words about the interview! I put a lot of time into it, so I am happy to hear that you liked it so much. In regard to your question about what steroids are best for power and strength, I will give you my personal opinion from not only a medical and scientific angle but also from a real world hands-on practical application that I have seen from world-class lifters. I have been in this underground strength culture for over 25 years and I know the reality of what truly goes on behind the scenes, in both bodybuilding and powerlifting.
I am sincere to my professional medical ethics and I am also very sincere in making sure that you protect your long-term health. Do I agree with everything that I see taking place in the strength sports, in regard to drug use and abuse? The answer is no! But since you all are my brothers and sisters in iron, I do want to make sure that you stay healthy during your competitive years and beyond.
You see, my clients come to me for three main reasons. First off, it is because I am sincere to the under-culture of the strength sports and this is important because you are ultimately putting your life in my hands. I am a doctor who you can put your trust in and in this day and age, in regard to the stigma of drugs in sports in this country, it is nonexistent with other doctors who are too afraid to go against the grain.
Second is the fact that I know what the reality is in regard to anabolic use and performance enhancement. I know what the pros use in bodybuilding and powerlifting and the reality of what it takes pharmaceutically to make it to the top of these sports. I know the reality of dosages, underground steroids, and even the crazy things that athletes of all sports will do to perform at their best. I know this reality from my time in the sport, as well as from the world-class athletes who I deal with day in and day out.
Third, I know the hardcore internal medicine and how it relates to performance-enhancing drugs. This right here is the big ticket, because some doctors may know their medical texts inside and out, but that is only half of the puzzle. Put them in a room with a 250-pound bodybuilder who is taking 18 I.U. of GH daily and 3,000 mg of testosterone weekly plus all the other goodies and he won’t have a clue on what the hell to do to bring this guy’s health and blood profile back to where it should be. The difference is between these doctors and me is that I have built my professional medical reputation on making sure that I get the job done. So with this said, let’s take a look at the best anabolics top-strength athletes use to take their strength to the next level!

Testosterone Suspension
Oh yeah baby, ‘Test’ is best! Now the inclusion of some form of testosterone in a strength athlete’s cycle is essential for optimal gains. When it comes to strength gains, no other form of testosterone compares to suspension. This is due to the fact that it is so fast-acting. This is because there is no ester and basically you are getting straight testosterone in water. You can look forward to increased muscle gains and even strength that will make you feel like Hercules.
One drawback is the fact that it must be injected daily. In my opinion, to truly maximize the benefits of testosterone suspension, it must be administered twice daily, due to its short half-life. Another undesirable reality of using suspension is the painful shots. Many of the brands of testosterone that float out in the black market are veterinary grade. To make matters worse, because it is not micronized and the crystals are very large, it clogs syringes very easily.
One lifter I know used some vet-grade suspension and he had to inject it with an 18-gauge needle. Damn it makes me cringe just thinking about it. He must have felt like he was getting stabbed by an icepick. Plus the majority of underground labs do not even make suspension. This is because many of them in reality are not run by educated chemists like they want you to think. Making a sterile testosterone suspension at the quality of even vet-grade gear is not going to happen unless the guy is a chemist with a degree behind his name and is preparing it in a clean room. Most guys will take about 100-150 mg per day, broken up into two daily shots for best results.
Anadrol 50
Oh yeah, they don’t call these bad boys ‘A-Bombs’ for nothing. I am sure all of you reading this know that it is a derivative of dihydrotestosterone. In powerlifting and strongman circles, this is no doubt a top drug of choice for many reasons. First off, the strength gains are fast. Seeing a guy jump 30 pounds in his bench press in 10 days is not uncommon at all. It increases water retention a lot and for powerlifters, this can be a good thing, because it optimizes your leverages. Secondly, it will make your power gear like your bench shirt fit just that little bit tighter, allowing you to get even more poundage out of your shirt. Lastly, it can really jack up your red blood cell count leading to increased pumps and training endurance.
Now for those guys who may be taking one tablet per day for short periods of time, there is not much worry. But for the ‘Anabolic Kamikazes’ who are in our midst, taking five or more tablets per day, elevated red blood cell count is one danger that must be taken into consideration. For those who do such extreme practices making sure you get regular and comprehensive bloodwork is essential for your long-term health. Taking large doses of Anadrol 50 for extended periods of time can make your blood resemble Canadian maple syrup and that is no lie! The other main thing you have to watch here is liver enzyme elevation. The liver is one tough beast, but that doesn’t mean you should abuse it without showing it some respect. Most guys will take 50-100 mg daily, broken into two doses, but there are others like I mentioned before who take this much just to start off their day with breakfast.
Halotestin
Halotestin does not have the following in America that Anadrol does and this is for a couple reasons. First off, for most in the underground scene in the U.S., getting your hands on legitimate pharmaceutical-grade Halotestin and enough quantity to make it worthwhile is like finding a fucking leprechaun and a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.
For most— except for those with horseshoes up their asses— neither of the two above scenarios is going to happen. It is also at least double the price of Anadrol. Many people will pay more for 10 mg tablets of Halotestin than 50 mgs of Anadrol on the black market. Halotestin provides very fast strength gains and in my opinion, even better than Anadrol. Plus there is no water retention and this is why it is so popular with many bodybuilders in the last four weeks of contest prep.
If you think Tren will turn you into an ass-clown in record time, then Halotestin will take it to whole new level. In fact, this drug is very popular with European strongmen since it is much easier to get across the pond. Plus let’s face another reality that most of you are probably unaware of: Europeans are not afraid of side effects like guys here in the U.S.— I lived there and I know the deal. The hardcore gear scene in Germany and England makes us look like candy-asses. When the average guy here in the U.S. is talking milligrams, they are talking grams and this is everyday Joes, not pro athletes. Since hepatoxicity is a concern, taking it for four weeks or less is the best option. Most guys will take 20-40 mgs daily, spread out in three doses throughout the day.
Trenbolone Acetate
Tren is one of the most popular steroids in strength sports for many reasons. First off, since it is three times more androgenic than testosterone, you can now understand that it is very potent. With an androgenic ratio like this, its a goldmine for strength athletes looking to increase their power output. Since it doesn’t aromatize, you won’t get the water retention like you do with Anadrol. This means you will pack on lean, dense muscle and your strength gains will be bang on, too.
Many guys will take around 75-150 mg of tren acetate every other day. Because it has a short ester, it needs to be taken on an every-other-day basis minimum, while some lifters do prefer taking it daily. Another plus is the major increase in aggression. Now if you sport an attitude without tren in your life, then you will be a ‘super-sized’ asshole, once you start incorporating it in your plan. Increased aggression and trying to rip everyone’s head off that you come in contact with, is not an uncommon emotion while taking tren.
Another thing you to watch out for is impaired kidney function. The kidneys are not as strong as the liver so you need to take extra care in this area. You also need to make sure you balance the ratio of your dosage of testosterone in relation to taking tren. If not, your sex drive will hit an all-time nonexistence and your manhood will be nothing more than a soggy noodle.

Mibolerone
This oral steroid is known as Cheque Drops and is derived from a nandralone base. It is a vet drug that was created to alter the ovulating cycle of female dogs to keep them from going into heat. Now in powerlifting circles this is a well-known pre-contest bad boy that is quite popular. I personally know of one guy who is a 1,000-pound squatter who takes a couple cc’s of this right before going under a heavy squat in World Championship competitions.
Now you might be wondering why he would do that. The reason for this is that it turns you into a raving beast in minutes. It can dramatically increase your aggression in record time. Since aggression is a key attribute in all strength sports, powerlifters seem to like this more than bodybuilders. In fact, I have not heard of too many bodybuilders that this drug is popular with. Now another sport where it is taking center stage is MMA and professional boxing.
Oh yeah, fighting in a cage or ring without rules can be some crazy shit, so there is nothing like getting all jacked up during the fight. Since it clears the system fast as well, it makes it popular with MMA fighters who are now under the scrutiny of rigid drug testing. For boxers, it is rumored that one legendary pro who already sported an attitude of a pit bull used this right before a major fight, where he mistook his opponent’s ear for a Big Mac.
Yeah, no shit, this stuff will turn the weak-hearted into an animal and bad-ass into a fucking cannibal. Now if you don’t want your liver to turn into Swiss cheese, then I would advise against taking this steroid, because it is extremely hepatoxic. It is so strong that is measured in micrograms, unlike milligrams with other steroids. Hardcore powerlifters will use it for the last two weeks before a contest on their hardest training days as well as at the contest. Most will take 1 ml under the tongue about 15 minutes to half an hour before training or competing.

My Personal Favorite Pre-workout Supplements
I have a question about pre-workout supplementation. I was wondering what you use before you train to get all jacked up before an intense workout?
You see I am going to tell it like it is. My favorite pre-workout stack is Plasma Jet and Super Pump 250 by Gaspari. Now, before all you reading this get your balls in a knot, just to give you the 411, I am not sponsored by Gaspari Nutrition. Nor do I get free supplements or endorsements. I go down to my local GNC like every other hardworking American and spend my hard-earned dollars on these products because I believe in them. I have been a fan of Rich since his career in the ’80s and in my opinion, he should have beaten Haney on several occasions.
But even though you may disagree with me on that one, I don’t care. What I do care about is telling you the no-bullshit truth of what I actually lay down my Benjamins for every month and what I use before I tackle a 500-pound bench press.
About three hours before I hit the gym, I down 10 capsules of Plasmajet on an empty stomach. I love this stuff— it is my favorite N.O. booster by far. You see the science behind Plasmajet is very sound, and it’s not just another one of those arginine-loaded N.O. boosters that the pump starts off great, then fizzles out two hours later. Because it is composed of numerous high-quality ingredients, including Peak ATP, it truly is in a class of its own. Then about half an hour before I start training I take 2-3 scoops of Super Pump 250 in 16 ounces of water.
By the time I hit the gym I am ready to Smash Fucking Weights (SFW). This is a common powerlifting term that means you are going all-out, balls-to-the-wall. Basically it’s a war between you and the iron. This keeps me fueled right throughout my workout. I like Gaspari products because they work hands down and it is what I took before I hit that 500-pound bench press record that I did just a few months back. Rich, keep up the good work and keep the kick-ass products coming!
Trashing Triceps Powerlifting Style
Hey Anabolic Doc, what’s up, my man? I loved the interview series that you did and it kicked ass! Now in your first column here you mentioned you would be giving us some of your secret powerlifting training tips, too. My question is about improving my triceps strength and power. I know powerlifters have some of the strongest triceps around, so I thought you could let me in on some new ideas that I can incorporate into my training plan. My bench press sucks and I can barely get one rep with 275. I have been training for six years and I know it has to do with my weak triceps. I do a lot of the basic bodybuilding exercises like pushdowns, dips and kick-backs so I was wondering if you could throw something new my way. Thanks again for such a great interview and I look forward to more of your work in Muscular Development.
Hey, thanks for the kind words about the series I did. The sole intention was for powerlifters, but many of those same things will apply to bodybuilders as well. It is very important to take care of your long-term health because this, in my opinion, is often overlooked when in search of that bigger powerlifting total or 21-inch guns. In reality, this should not be the case at all and your main goal should be maintaining optimal health while at the same time improving at your chosen strength sport.
So— you are looking to bring up those triceps, are you? Not a problem— the Anabolic Doc has benched pressed over 500 pounds at 44 years old, so I know a thing or two about improving triceps strength. Now I am going to give you a really kick-ass workout idea that you most likely have never heard of.
These are known as Crazy 8s and for good reason. This technique was developed by world-renowned strength coach Rahim Kassam. Believe it or not, it’s not just an exercise, but a complete workout. I recommend warming up with a few good high-rep sets of pushdowns just to warm the area and increase blood flow to prevent injury before starting this exercise. I am sure you have done lying dumbbell extensions before, even though I know many bodybuilders don’t make this a major movement— but they should.
Now, the powerlifting twist will shake this exercise up to a whole new level and believe me— when you are done, you will be begging for mercy. First off, we won’t be using a flat bench but a decline bench for this exercise. What makes this so hard is the rep and tempo scheme that I have laid out. The reason why it is called Crazy 8s is because of the fact that you will be doing 8 sets of 8 reps. Now you may be thinking, “Ah, that’s all— what kind of exercise is that?” Well, hold on to your panties for a minute boys, it’s not over yet.
The rest periods will not be 1 minute like you are used to doing. They will be shortened down to a nice 8 seconds. Yep that’s right, 8 seconds between sets, which will give you just about enough time to take in two to three deep breaths— and down you go again for another set. It’s not over yet.
Let’s talk about the tempo next. You will be doing a 3:1 eccentric-to-concentric action. For all you meatheads out there who do not understand what I am talking about, this means that you will take 3 seconds to lower the weight and 1 second to bring it back up. There are two reasons for this. Lowering it slowly in an eccentric action will help increase hypertrophy. We all know that the negative portion of the exercise is what causes the most muscle damage and growth. The concentric or raising motion will be done in a strict, yet explosive form. This will cause you to build explosive strength in your triceps and allow them to fire more efficiently.
Did you ever see the difference between a bodybuilder bench pressing and a powerlifter?
Yes, the form is slightly different, but as the bodybuilder just grinds out the reps like every other exercise he does, the powerlifter brings it down with control and then fires the weight explosively yet with control. I am not talking about bouncing it off your chest like these retards that you see at the gym. I am talking about strict explosive power here, not sloppy, bouncy bullshit that is done at gyms all across America. If you want to lift weights— and I am talking about big weights— you must develop your explosive strength and what is known as speed strength. Without these two, you may look big, but your strength won’t compare to a powerlifter who weighs 100 pounds less than you.
So you will be doing 8 sets of 8 reps and you get a whopping 8 seconds rest in between each of those sets. Now if you are used to using 50-pound dumbbells for normal sets of 8 for this exercise, get ready for a rude awakening when you can barely get 30s up. Remember, you can’t change the resistance during the set program. If you choose 30s, you have to go all the way through with it and not drop down to 20s by set 5.
Now let’s talk a little about the biomechanics and form. The reason this exercise is done on a decline is because MRIs have shown that it recruits more muscle fibers than doing it on a flat bench. Second, the form must be strict with the elbows tucked in and close to the sides. When this exercise gets hard, people will cheat by flaring their elbows out— and this is not what you should be doing. Lastly, you want the dumbbells to come down far enough where they can touch your ears. This way with the decline, you are going to get one hell of a stretch.
You may think this workout is over— but hold on just a little longer, my friend. To finish this off, you will be doing another 3 sets of decline extensions with flex bands for a giant drop set. For these, you will not use the 3:1 tempo that was done with the dumbbells, but a regular 1:1 tempo. Basically you are now banging out the reps to force some blood in there, but again, the form must stay strict.
We hook up three sets of flex bands to the bottom of the bench or with dumbbells. So once you have done all 8 sets, you have another 3 sets done without rest, with these bands of varying strength. The reason for using bands is that it will totally change the feel of the exercise and will further stretch your triceps. Plus, the main reason why powerlifters use flex bands on many different exercises is the fact that they’re great at improving explosive strength. Incorporating them into your training is known as the ‘Contrast Method’ and is very effective at increasing strength from another angle bodybuilders have never heard of.
By the way, make sure you get true Jump Stretch Flex Bands made by Dick Hartzel. He is the originator, and makes the highest-quality bands on the market. Over time, inferior bands will crack and break. This happening during triceps extensions isn’t a major problem, since the most you might get is hit in the face and a fat lip. But it’s not something you want with 600 pounds on your back during a heavy box squat. The consequences of this happening can result in a major injury, so quality bands are the name of the game.
First, you will get the Light band— but don’t think it’s that light, because it has a resistance of about 70 pounds in each hand. Some of you will be so destroyed that you won’t even be able to continue, so this technique is reserved for advanced lifters only. You will now bang out as many reps as you can with this band. Then once you can’t do any more, you will jump to the Mini Flex band and again do as many as reps as you can without resting. Then when you can’t take it anymore, you will grab the Micro Mini Flex band and continue again until you simply can’t do anymore.
If you can complete this workout and if it’s done with the right intensity, I am telling you good luck at trying to move your arms for the next couple days. This will take your triceps training to a whole new level. If done properly, not only will this help increase your bench press strength because you are focusing on many different aspects of training methodology with this just one exercise, but you will forge some horseshoes made from granite.
In all the years I have spent in commercial gyms, or even spent time training with advanced bodybuilders, never have I seen them do this exercise with this rep and tempo scheme. If you have the guts to try this, give it a shot because I am telling you it will fry your triceps in a very short period of time. Besides the few sets of pushdowns that I recommended to get your elbows warmed up, this whole workout will take no more than 10 minutes. But believe me, if you do this with true intensity and proper form, it will destroy them more than spending 40 minutes hitting three different exercises. By the time you have completed that last set of the band extensions to utter failure you will need your training partner to help get you off the bench.
To get a set of these Flex Bands go to www.jumpstretch.com. Give this triceps thrashing program a whirl and I guarantee it will take your pressing strength and size to a whole new level.

References:
Llewellyn W, Anabolics 9th Edition, 2009
Roberts A, Anabolic Steroid Ultimate Research Guide, 2005
Poliquin C, Winning the Arms Race, 2001
Kneller B, Science and Muscle, Summer/Fall 2008
Simmons L, Training Methods Part 1 Speed Day, Powerlifting USA, 2004

CrossFit and Steroids

Jhttp://www.t-nation.com/powerful-words/crossfit-and-steroidsust 


How Juiced Is CrossFit?


Cross-fit

Here's what you need to know...

•  The author has worked with bodybuilders, elite athletes, CrossFitters and regular people from all walks of life. He helps them build muscle and perform better, both with and without the use of performance enhancing drugs. When needed, he also helps them beat drug tests.
•  CrossFit as a sport is an incredible spectacle of fitness, strength and endurance. It's also one of the best ways to conjure up nagging injuries. That makes it one of the best candidates for PEDs around today.
•  A drug test is an IQ test. Only idiots fail them. And the CrossFit Games has a porous anti-doping program.
•  Man will seek any means to increase his performance, especially when money and fame are on the line. The "sport of fitness" is not immune. CrossFitters who think otherwise are naive.
"To promise not to do a thing is the surest way in the world to make a body want to go and do that very thing." – Mark Twain
CrossFit emerged as an almost instant adversary to bodybuilding. Clearly my career has centered more on bodybuilding than CrossFit, so naturally I was in the bodybuilding camp when the bodybuilding vs. CrossFit campaign took off. However irrational the dichotomy is, one thing is for sure: CrossFit and bodybuilding have more in common than not. And, like it or not, that includes drugs – the performance enhancing variety.
Those of you who've followed my career know what I'm going to say. If you're reading me for the first time and are a CrossFitter, you'll probably have steam coming out from under both sides of your $95.00 CrossFit dry-cool ball cap by the time I'm done, because I'm going to tell you that it's my informed opinion that your pristine sport is loaded with performance enhancing drugs.
What qualifies me to say this? Well, for nearly three decades I've made a decent living not only writing about steroids for bodybuilding magazines and books, but also prepping athletes for competitions using steroids, selling steroids, smuggling steroids, making steroids, prescribing and monitoring steroid use, beating drug tests, appearing on TV, in film and on radio talking about steroids... Let's just say I know a thing or two about steroids. Based on what I've read out there relating to CrossFit and steroids, I feel very un-egotistical stating that I know a lot more about steroids than most CrossFitters.
I'm not anti-CrossFit. In fact, I've dedicated about 2,000 square feet of my gym to CrossFit. So, take from this what you will. I'm stating here what I believe to be the empirical truth. The only problem with it is whether or not you can handle it.


The Fittest on Earth?

Bars
Before I talk about steroid use in CrossFit, it's only fair that we agree on what CrossFit actually is. Notwhat it is according to Greg Glassman, who would probably define what he created as a strength and conditioning system built on constantly varied, functional movements executed at high intensity... because that's really not what it is. CrossFit's definition is clearly fashioned to convince the public that CrossFit is gentleman's territory with an emphasis on intellect. They even go so far as to call themselves the "fittest athletes on earth," with trite battle cries such as "our warm-up is your workout!" Not to mention pious enough to contend that CrossFit is better able to promote muscle growth than conventional bodybuilding, with Glassman going as far as to say, "People say that a scientist has proved that CrossFit works, and my reply is that I don't need a scientist to tell me that CrossFit works; just look at the people."
I could just as easily, and with equal guile, say that I don't need proof that CrossFit is rife with steroid use, just look at the people. But I'm not going to go there. To me, "looks" are ambiguous. There's no science behind Glassman's words even though his scientist says there is. How do they know what they perceive to be muscle growth induced by CrossFit – to a superior degree than bodybuilding – wasn't attained with PED use? The truth is, no one knows.
What we do know is that there are far less taxing ways to build muscle. The only real proof we have so far today that indicates CrossFit does anything is the profound number of injuries it produces. According to the science, if you really want to hurt yourself, CrossFit works. Granted, it's an incredible spectacle of fitness, strength and endurance, but what it really has proven itself to be is one of the best ways to conjure up some really nagging injuries. That alone makes it one of the best candidates for PED use in existence today.
Now, because CrossFit is a "game" or games, and its origin is in America, it's only natural that the political correctness of "fair play" and "even playing fields" – not to mention pristine symbolism to our precious youth – be paramount when played on the PR machine. I'm actually surprised, with the late emergence of CrossFit in the modern lexicon, that the liberal political machine – designated to prepare our youth for abject failure in the real world – even permits anyone to win. Just so long as everyone has fun, right?
Of course not, and since that's clearly not the case, CrossFit has to stand the litmus test of other sports as dictated by mother nature, because human nature is to cheat – especially when large amounts of money, fame and exposure are at stake. And, because a faction of CrossFit is by all reasonable accounts a professional sport, it is not immune to the foibles of all professional sports. This includes the fair assumption that many of its competitors, especially those at the elite level, are using banned, illegal, performance enhancing drugs.


An Even Playing Field?

rope
This undoubtedly conjures up images of drug testing and disgraced champions who got caught with their pants down and a pin in their hide. The overall public discourse must always focus on fair play, sportsmanship, following the rules, and may-the-best-man-win crap. Unfortunately, the belief in these antiquated and post-modern displays of moral turpitude rank right up there with belief in Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny.
First of all, there is no such thing as an even playing field. If your great grandfather was hammering in railroad spikes for a living or working a plantation without pay, you're going to have a far greater physical advantage, genetically, than if your great grandfather was a mohel. As racist as that statement may sound, it's true. Genetics is the great un-evener of the playing field, not PEDs. As long as humans from varying backgrounds play sports together there will never be such a thing as an even playing field.


PEDs for Recovery

rings
As far as steroids making the playing field incongruous, however, I'd go as far as to say that CrossFit is probably the poster sport for steroid use because of the drugs' profound effect on recovery. Does enhanced recovery affect performance? You bet it does. Contrary to what CrossFit thinks, its sport is probably the number one sport in the entire world to reap the greatest overall benefit from steroid use because of the drugs' affect on recovery. That alone is reason enough to believe that a large number of practitioners use them.
Why? When you ask a high-end CrossFit athlete what he did for his rest day, it's not unusual for him to respond, "I didn't take one" or "I ran a half-marathon," or, "I did a recovery row." Such commentary leaves one to ponder, are these people super human or super stupid? Taxing your body to such a degree is one of the best reasons to get on gear.
Train three times a day, never take a day off, make yourself equally proficient at a hundred different exercise moves, do Fran in under 2:30 and expect to carry on like this for decades? How can a human body endure like this? Well, you know, if it does it's probably not the Wheaties. And therein lies the rub. Bodybuilders are A-okay with the giant pink elephant in the room. But, just mention any word that is suffixed in "-one" among the CrossFitteratti and fifteen lawyers get on an airplane. Why such an uproar over the most obvious of observations?
On top of the recuperative and performance enhancing effects of such drugs, anyone who knows anything about performance enhancement will tell you that CrossFit has a porous anti-doping program, with testing a donkey could pass. Couple that with the Kool-Aid drunk constituency that really, really believes that CrossFit athletes are superior and you have the greatest veil of deniability when accusations of PED use arise. That's not to say that there aren't reasonable CrossFit people who agree that steroids have infiltrated their sport. Top CrossFitter Dan Bailey has stated that he doesn't believe all the male CrossFit Games athletes are clean. He also said in a 2013 interview that beating the tests would be "totally easy." [Editor's note: CrossFit has expanded out-of-competition, unannounced drug testing for 2014, for what it's worth.] And some female CrossFit Games athletes are already sniping at one another with veiled accusations of drug use.
However, the hardcore cult members of CrossFit just don't want to admit that steroids have any part in their beloved way of life. To wit, three-time Games competitor Lucas Parker says, "This is my stance on steroids and other performance enhancing drugs: I am against PEDs, because they can provide 'false validation' of shitty training protocols."
Really? I can't imagine that trying to become equally proficient at a random assemblage of over 100 different moves can't produce anything but shitty training protocols, regardless if anyone takes steroids or not. That statement is just plain stupid. He does, however, believe that CrossFit is too young for steroid use. Its youth and random assemblage of difficult moves leaves how to train for CrossFit a mystery. Once we know how to train for CrossFit then we can use drugs. Another insanely stupid statement. Regardless, if or when PEDs should be used in CrossFit, the idea that they are – or could be (should be) – leaves open the insanely stupid concept that drug testing is going to even the playing field.
The idea that drug testing, even Olympic drug testing, is an effective deterrent ranks right up there with just saying "no" as an effective means to keep kids off drugs. The notion that passing a drug test means that the athlete is clean is a fallacy. A drug test is an IQ test. Only fucking idiots fail them. Perhaps the greatest testament to this fact is Lance Armstrong – the most tested athlete in the world –never failed a drug test. In fact, most, if not all, athletes have not been caught with those expensive IOC caliber testing protocols. No, instead they had a dime dropped on them. Besides, there are more ways to get around a standard PED test than there are to get around a subway turnstile. You only get caught if you're stupid.
So, is CrossFit rife with PED use? Let's forget about the recent outings, accusations of association with known drug dealers, porous drug testing and outright drug busts and put it this way: Almost 30 years ago I embarked upon a sideline of performance enhancement, both with and without banned substances. My teacher was the original steroid guru and author of the very first steroid "how to" handbook, Dan Duchaine. Since then, while my career has centered on journalism, I've always maintained a sideline of performance enhancement. I've worked not only with professional and amateur bodybuilders (both men and women), but also boxers, MMA fighters, baseball players, football players, wrestlers, ballet dancers, models, policemen, firemen, lawyers, businessmen, anorexics and the obese. And now, since I've devoted 10% of my 20,000 square foot gym to CrossFit, I have CrossFit clients as well. I have helped them prepare for competition, reach fitness goals and increase their strength and conditioning.
In every case, my association with these people focused on one of two paths: extract maximum performance without the use of drugs, or help them cheat. The bulk of that activity focused not on the former, but on the latter.


Reality Check

Kettlebells
This most relevant manifestation of human nature has been evinced for thousands of years – man will seek any means to increase his performance. You could no more say that athletes would ever stop doing drugs than you could say hookers would ever stop selling blowjobs.
CrossFit, however, tends to rely on a theory wrought with ambiguity. The prevailing "logic" common among the CrossFiteratti? Not only do they contend they don't know if anyone is using steroids, they also contend that so little is known about CF that no one even really knows how to train for it. So, here you've got a guy such as Rich Froning who won the Games three times in a row, works out several times a day, can snatch 300 pounds, do Fran (21, 15 and 9 reps of thrusters and pull-ups) in 2 minutes and 13 seconds, look like a bodybuilder and be as flexible as a ballerina, and yet no one not only knows how to train for this, but they also condemn the notion that the guy is on anything.
I'm not saying he is on anything, but the ludicrousness of this ideology is mind bending, especially when you consider the fact that CrossFit is supposed to be endowed with a more cerebral crowd than the mooks who just lift weights for aesthetic purposes. Some of you more snooty members of CrossFit might like to think that you guys are a higher breed, a more noble character and super human in every way that mere mortals of average sport can only aspire to achieve. As the perceived decedents of Thor, Atlas, Hercules, Zeus and Apollo, the magnitude of CrossFit and its perilously high standers, history could no more allow Cambridge to beat Oxford than it could CrossFit's entire top tier to be juiced.
But you know what? In the real world nobody gives a rat's ass about how great you think you are. Reality dictates that we're all more interested in what the rest of the world thinks, because like it or not, public discourse determines the nature of things. That being the case, if CrossFit is to be played by humans it's going to be played on an even playing field made even by human nature, i.e., its competitors will be using PEDs, just as they have in every other single sport in the entire world throughout recorded history.
This would be evident from the Olympic menu to the very highest of high-paid pros. Drugs are as much a part of the game as the uniform. The various drug scandals that have erupted in pro sports over the years are not indicative of isolated instances. In every sport the individual is swallowed by the collective when it comes to performance. If one gets caught it does not mean the cheater was caught; it means one of the cheaters was caught. It's completely naive to think otherwise.
Is this a problem? CrossFit seems to think so. Unfortunately, it has nothing to do with concern for the athlete's health or wellbeing. Given the nature of CrossFit, if the foregoing were a paramount issue, steroids, androgens, and assorted peptides and hormones would be mandatory in CrossFit. The real reason is purely cosmetic. And it's purely bullshit propagated by the sensationalistic mainstream media which isolated "steroids" from the laundry list of performance enhancing protocols enlisted by today's elite athletes and went to town vilifying them to the shameful degree that creatine is now being referred to as a "dangerous steroid" in the press.
God forbid the pristine image of CrossFit be tainted by such drugs. But, like it or not, the genie isn't going back in the bottle. CrossFit is going to have an ever-growing intimate relationship with PEDs and there's nothing anyone is ever going to be able to do about it.
Doubt me? Then ask yourself this: Why wouldn't CrossFit competitors use PEDs? If you think you can find an answer different from any other sport where money, prestige and fame are at stake, let me know because I have a bridge I can sell you.

воскресенье, 18 мая 2014 г.

What Is Glucuronolactone For?



From Ergo Log

If you ask an average nutritionist why energy drinks contain glucuronolactone, she'll probably sigh in a scientific way, shrug her shoulders and tell you that glucuronolactone is 'nonsense'.

"Energy drinks contain caffeine, and that has a slight stimulatory effect", she's likely to say. "But as far as the other things that manufacturers put in those cans go, none have ever been proved to be effective. Glucuronolactone is only in there to give consumers the idea that they've purchased something special." And that'll be the end of the conversation.

But your average nutritionist tends to pooh-pooh everything we think is interesting, so we continue undeterred. When we discovered supplements being sold in an online store in which glucuronolactone was the only active ingredient we went in search of more information on the substance. And that's how we found the animal study that Shunkichi Tamura published in the 1960s in the Japanese Journal of Pharmacology.

Glucuronolactone is a substance that is produced when glucose is converted in the liver.

In the 1960s physiologists did a lot of research on glucuronolactone. They discovered for example that during long-term and intensive exercise all sorts of toxic waste products start to circulate through the body, which in ex-vivo studies had shown that they could stop the heart of lab animals from beating. If you administer glucuronolactone, then this doesn't happen or happens less quickly.

The Japanese started to wonder whether glucuronolactone might have performance-enhancing properties. They injected glucuronolactone, and also glucose, glycogen and a number of other related compounds, in a dose of 100 mg per kg bodyweight directly into the gut of lab rats, waited 30 minutes and then got the rats to swim to the point of exhaustion.

The human equivalent of the dose would be between 1 and 2 g. A can of Red Bull contains 600 mg glucuronolactone.

Immediately afterwards the Japanese repeated the procedure twice. During the second and third sessions, glucuronolactone extended the amount of time that the animals were able to swim by more than the other substances that were tested.

The amount of time that the rats were able to swim for in their first session is fixed at 100 percent in the figure below.



The researchers refrain from making any claims about the way in which glucuronolactone might improve performance. One obvious possibility is that glucuronolactone boosts detoxification – or glucuronidation for the scientifically minded.



In another publication, which we have not been able to track down, the Japanese compared the performance-enhancing effect of glucuronolactone with that of stimulants such as caffeine and amphetamines in a similar way as described above.

During that experiment they discovered that stimulants only improved endurance capacity during the first session of physical exertion, while glucuronolactone only had an effect during the second and third sessions. In a study published in 1966 [Jpn J Pharmacol. 1966 Jun;16(2):138-56.] they describe these experiments in a few sentences.



So it would seem that the effects of caffeine and glucuronolactone complement each other. The people who dreamed up the composition of Red Bull apparently knew what they were up to.

Source: 
Jpn J Pharmacol. 1968 Mar;18(1):30-8. Effects of glucuronolactone and the other carbohydrates on the biochemical changes produced in the living body of rats by hard exercise. Tamura S, Tsutsumi S, Ito H, Nakai K, Masuda M.



http://anabolicminds.com/forum/content/what-glucuronolactone-5283/

суббота, 17 мая 2014 г.

Исследование ноотропов или разгоняем мозг

 

image

До предисловия


ВНИМАНИЕ! Все написанное ниже является результатом индивидуального эксперимента. Не надо повторять то, что описано в этой статье, если Вы не понимаете предметную область. Имеются противопоказания. Необходима консультация специалиста.

Предисловие


Являясь подписчиком Хабра очень люблю читать статьи в хабе GTD и о том как люди пытаются справляться с возникающими в их жизни трудностями организации жизнедеятельности и оптимизации жизненных процессов. Кто-то даже пишет об успешных приемах, придуманных ими или почерпнутых из разных источников. В большинстве же, мне кажется, подобные статьи пишутся на волне восторга от получаемых результатов от новой методики, но со временем волна спадает и приходится искать новые варианты.

Сам я, так же как и многие другие люди, подвержен подобным волновым процессам. Но в своей жизни я заметил одно явление в организме человека, выражающееся в том, что большинство негативных эффектов жизнедеятельности, будь то прокрастинация, апатия, депрессия и пр., возникают на фоне нарушений внутримозговых процессов. Такие нарушения могут быть спровоцированы различными причинами — от физической травмы головы с сотрясением мозга до негативного воздействия окружающей среды.

Все эти нарушения могут протекать в маловыраженной форме и человек, думая, что он здоров и ему просто не хватает времени для сна, продолжает находиться в таком пагубном состоянии не подозревая об этом. Смею предположить, что такое состояние характерно для большинства людей. А в результате, из-за гипоксического (кислородная недостаточность) состояния мозга человек продолжает жить в нем, не задумываясь о существовании лучшей жизни :)

Какое-то время назад, я пришел к выводу, что нашему мозгу нужен постоянный «прикорм» в виде ноотропов — препаратов, оказывающих прямое активирующее влияние на работу мозга и препаратов улучшающих мозговое кровообращение и тем самым усиливающих стойкость мозга к гипоксическим состояниям. Отдельно стоит отметить существование адаптогенов — препаратов природного или искусственного происхождения, способных повышать сопротивляемость организма в целом и мозга в частности к вредным воздействиям окружающей среды. К таким, испробованным мной, относятся Женьшень, Родиола розовая, продукты пчелиного происхождения. К слову, нааиболее понравилась настойка Родиолы розовой. Но в этой статье речь о них не пойдет.

Методика исследования


Будучи сам подверженным описанным выше негативным процессам в мозге, я периодически применяю различные препараты для их устранения. В последнее время решил систематизировать влияние тех или иных, применяемых мной препаратов, на свое самочувствие. В итоге весь этот увлекательный процесс вылился в небольшое исследование.

Для начала, я дождался значительного ухудшения состояния работы своего мозга. Общее состояние на момент начала исследования характеризовалось головными болями, сонливостью, периодической гипертонией. На фоне физиологической патологии, также в наличии были все описанные выше психические расстройства — прокрастинация, апатия, депрессия, отсутствие внимания, скомканность сознания и др.

Изучив тему, я составил список возможных к применению препаратов, из которых сразу отсек те, которые ранее практически не оказывали никакого эффекта на меня (например, фенотропил) и добавил новые, ранее не применявшиеся мной. Применять препараты начинал с рекомендованной в инструкциях дозировки, корректируя ее в исследовательских целях. Сначала применял препараты в режиме монотерапии (один препарат) для определения положительных и отрицательных эффектов отдельных препаратов. Далее комбинируя два препарата, по-возможности, с непересекающимися эффектами для определения аддитивных эффектов.

Результаты исследования


Результаты исследования приведены сгрупированно по каждому примененному препарату с описанием возникших эффектов как по отдельности, так и в комбинации с другими препаратами.

Все эффекты препаратов в большей мере проявляются при общем плохом самочувствии. После нескольких дней приема препаратов, когда общее состояние улучшается, эффекты становятся не такими выраженными.

Церебролизин

Большинство эффектов наблюдается при дозировке от 2мл. При дозировке 1мл или после прохождения периода полувыведения эффекты снижаются вдвое, либо перестают действовать. При повышении дозировки до 5мл эффекты не усиливаются, таким образом достаточная терапевтическая дозировка 2мл.

  • содержит в себе стимуляторы продукции организмом адреналина (эффект проявляется через 30-60 мин. после приема);
  • повышается системная реакция восприятия пространства (в отличие от пирацетама);
  • появляется чувство необходимости контроля пространства и происходящего вокруг, пропадает пофигизм на происходящее вокруг. Хочется контролировать каждую деталь событий вокруг (пример, усиливается желание объехать за рулем машины все ямки на дорогах);
  • пропадает логичность и рассудительность. Как в предыдущем примере с объездом ямок на дороге пропадает (или затмевается) разумность (логичность) необходимости этих действий;
  • пропадает чувство прогнозирования событий, вплоть до очень короткого промежутка (несколько секунд). Пример, на дороге начинаешь метаться из полосы в полосу в надежде обогнать кого-то (кого? ведь все едут параллельно). При этом не можешь прогнозировать ситуацию на 5 секунд вперед, если, например, впереди по другой полосе едут медленнее, а по своей полосе приехать в итоге будет быстрее, все равно перестраиваешься на другую полосу;
  • усиливается соревновательное чувство (например, при езде на машине кто быстрее стартанёт и приедет в следующему красному светофору);
  • появляется чувство сделать все вот вот и сейчас. Первая же мысль захлестывает внимание всего сознания. Начинаешь акцентировать внимание только на ней и стараться побыстрее реализовать ее, сделать что-то прямо сейчас;
  • пропадает параллельность внутреннего обсуждения разных идей. Они просто не всплывают в сознании, т.к. только одна мысль затмевает его. Отсутствует параллельность мышления, зацикленность на какой-то внутренней мысли;
  • чувство прокрастинации усиливается, лишь на время затмеваясь повышенным вниманием к какой-либо идее или действию на фоне адреналина. При этом возникают смешанные чувства, вроде как энергия вот она, хочется побыстрее и много реализовать действий (именно действий, хочется что-то делать, а не думать), и в то же время внутри присутствует лень о чем то думать вообще, придумывать новые идеи. Нет желания доделывать какое-то старое дело. Отсутствует план действий по завершению старых дел;
  • пропадает лаконичность. Этот текст написан под влиянием церебролизина в первые 60 мин. Хочется писать и писать, описывать все в подробностях. Пропадает внутреннее мышление, которое могло бы сформулировать главную мысль в нескольких точных словах. При этом кажется, что если не записать всех деталей сейчас, то будет невосполнимая потеря знания и нечего будет передать читателю в будущем :)
  • улучшается память о прошлом. Становится возможным вспомнить что ощущал, о чем думал или к каким выводам пришел в прошлом, если забыл записать вовремя;
  • (???) уменьшается раздражительность;
  • уменьшается страх.

Церебролизат (аналог Церебролизина)

  • усиление головных болей мигренозного характера, преимущественно с одной стороны или по центру головы.

Применение прекращено досрочно.

Пирацетам (Фезам)

  • повышается реакция моторных функций (в отличие от церебролизина), например, ловля мяча;
  • заметное усиление раздражительности переходящее в психованность, длительностью 36ч;
  • спустя 36ч (?) или после физической нагрузки (?) повышается настроение, незначительно снижается раздражительность. Становится возможным контроллировать всплески эмоций, но все равно возможно раздражение внешними факторами.

Пикамилон

  • достоверно уменьшается раздражительность, причем даже от небольших доз (10-15 мг);
  • усиление болей мигренозного характера.

Циннаризин

  • проходит головная боль, связанная со спазмом сосудов;
  • недовольство поведением других, требование от них соблюдения правил (например, ПДД на дороге, инструкций в офисе) и логичности в своих действиях (кажется, что люди идиоты :)
  • (???, возможно это эффект церебролизина или вазобрала) уменьшается неглобальный оптимизм. Не хочется предпринимать какие-то действия, т.к. кажется что ничего все равно не получится.

Вазобрал

  • через 8 часов генерация идей, новые творческие мысли так и лезут в голову, только успевай записывать;
  • появление несильных сердечных болей;
  • угасание памяти, в том числе кратковременной;
  • усиливается чувство прогнозирования внешних ситуаций и продуманности влияния текущих действий на будущее. Усиливается логичность действий;
  • усиление осторожности действий;
  • усиление личностного оптимизма, кажется, что вот вот ты на пороге новой эры, впереди столько неизвестного, что надо открыть, хочется творить и созидать, кажется, что я изменю весь мир;
  • спустя 8 часов (например, при приеме на ночь, то с утра) спокойствие, чувство умиротворения, отсутствие раздражительности;
  • (??? возможно, это эффект церебролизина) усиление чувства ностальгии, старые вещи напоминают ушедшие годы и все хорошее, что в них было. Хочется пересмотреть старые любимые фильмы.

Вазобрал + Пикамилон (1 т + 25мг)

Большинство эффектов проявляется спустя 30-60 минут после приема.

  • усиление чувств (обоняние, чувствительность кожи);
    изменение характера ощущений, в том числе болевых, примерно, как после суматриптана;
  • наличие небольших головных болей мигренозного характера;
  • появление несильных сердечных болей;
  • угасание кратковременной памяти;
  • присутствие энергии;
  • чувство прокрастинации притуплено за счет энергодающего эффекта вазобрала (кофеина);
  • неадекватная оценка внешней обстановки из-за сужения поля умственного зрения (к примеру, человек переходящий дорогу почти не заметен);
  • ошибки в распознавании визуальных образов, визуальные образы кажутся чем-то другим (к примеру, световые блики на стекле за рулем машины кажутся пробегающими людьми);
  • нет влияния на реакцию;
  • спутанность сознания;
  • сложность вербального формулирования мыслей;
  • жар в голове и на щеках, примерно, как после суматриптана.

Применение прекращено досрочно.

Вазобрал + Церебролизин

  • душевная доброта, хочется делать людям добро, помогать им, стараться быть вежливым;
  • негативные эффекты обоих препаратов сохраняются, но в менее выраженном виде, положительные эффекты сохраняются в полной мере, если другой препарат из пары не перекрывает их своими негативными эффектами.

Итоги


Среди примененных препаратов наилучшими качествами отметились Цереброллизин и Вазобрал. Их комплексное применение позволяет снизить негативные эффекты каждого из них в отдельности и сохранить положительные эффекты.

Все ноотропы обладают одним качеством — они накопительного действия. Поэтому нет большой разницы принимать 10 дней по стандартной дозе, или 50 дней по 1/5 дозы. Главное набрать суммарное количество ноотропа в организме. Небольшие дозы легче переносятся и побочные эффекты проявляются в меньшей мере.

Продолжаю быть в поиске таблетки из фильма «Области тьмы» :)