Amphetamin

Amphetamines belong to the sympathomimetic amines or stimulant class of drugs. The mechanism of amphetamines work to release excitatory neurotransmitters (ex. Dopamine) to stimulate the central nervous system. 😆😆Amphetamines were officially first used clinically in the 1930’s for their stimulative effects to counteract narcolepsy.  However, they have been widely used in sports to delay fatigue and increase alertness. There is evidence supporting that amphetamines may enhance speed, power, endurance and concentration. 💊💊Amphetamines have some adverse effects that should be considered before consuming them. These include central nervous system excitation as demonstrated by irritability, insomnia, restlessness, dizziness or even more serious effects such as paranoia, delirium and aggression. 🔥👀Furthermore, some systemic effects include hypertension, angina, vomiting, abdominal pain and sometimes cerebral hemorrhaging. 🚫🚫Some deaths of sports athletes have resulted from the use of amphetamines even when consumed under “normal” dosages. Amphetamines are highly addictive and withdrawal is associated with depression, fatigue and lethargy. Amphetamines are banned from most sports, including the NCAA, (IOC) International Olympic Committee. 🏋🏾⚡️Sport-related drug-testing protocols readily detect the use of amphetamines in the urine. Since amphetamines are used as performance enhancers, rather than pre-season training drugs, they are most likely to be detected when drug testing is performed in-season or during competition.🔑🔑 Reference: Brukner & Khan (2014) Clinical Sports Medicine (4th. Ed.) McGraw Hill Education
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